Karya Ilmiah dan HKI

"English for Hospitality" is a comprehensive book designed to equip hospitality professionals with the essential English language skills they need. The book emphasises the importance of effective communication in the globally interconnected hospitality industry, where English serves as the universal language, bridging diverse cultures and nationalities. It aims to empower professionals to deliver exceptional service and create memorable guest experiences by enhancing their fluency in everyday interactions, expanding their hospitality-related vocabulary, and building confidence in handling customer inquiries and complaints. The book is structured around practical exercises and real-world scenarios that reflect the daily challenges faced by hospitality professionals. It includes exercises on crafting self-introductions, telling engaging stories about guest experiences and local attractions, and practising dialogue in various hospitality settings. The book also covers narrative techniques, politeness expressions, and strategies for making requests, offering information, and handling complaints. Special attention is given to using simple language for clarity and offering solutions to ensure effective communication. Throughout the book, learners are encouraged to personalise their interactions, adding a personal touch to enhance the guest experience. The book also provides guidance on making suggestions, offering advice, and discussing probability and intentions, all tailored to align with the guest's needs and preferences. 

Foreign languages in higher education are increasingly diverse, one of which is Japanese language learning. This is so that language learners have enough capital to compete in a multilingual global world. Language learning is a process where learners perform a language activity in accordance with the language rules they learn. These differences in linguistic rules need to be considered by language teachers and learners. Based on the differences in these rules, in this study, the foreign language learners referred to are learners whose first language (L1) is a local language, and Indonesian as the language learning (LL). The focus of this research is the difference in Japanese structure and rules. This is related to the use of the dative marker ni, verb conjugation in the process of the Japanese passive structure, translation, and the meaning of the Japanese passive sentence that appears. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. The results of this study show that (1) the construction that forms the Japanese passive verb is ~rareru/~reru, (2) if the actor that appears in the passive structure is animate, then the marker used is ni, (3) if the actor that appears in the passive structure is inanimate, then the marker used is ~ni yotte, (4) Another uniqueness of the Japanese passive is if Japanese passive structures that use intransitive verbs, the translation into Indonesian becomes unacceptable. So it will become acceptable in translation, if the Japanese passive structure is changed to the Japanese active structure.

HKI Merek : Nyastra (Nyurat Aksara Transliterasi)

Usada Bali is a traditional Balinese healing practice that uses natural materials like plants for medicine. This practice is recorded in Balinese script on lontar leaves. Modern technology and synthetic medicine have reduced the use of some traditional medicinal plants and caused a language shift from Balinese to Indonesian, even for traditional medicine terminology. Now, these materials are often written in Indonesian to describe their usage. This study aims to analyze the language strategies regarding the Usada Bali lexicon applied by the student's parents at elementary school at Denpasar and Klungkung Regency. It examines students' proficiency in traditional medicine types, treatment techniques, and related medical problems, and factors influencing their understanding. Using qualitative methods and surveys, the study found that most parents (66.3% in Denpasar and 83.3% in Klungkung) use Strategy 7-a language strategy involving Balinese Language with their children, the same as that employed in the neighborhood domain. As a result, 59.2%-81.9% of students understand the traditional medicine lexicons. The study concludes that besides Strategy 7, other factors such as family demographics and the presence of multiple generations play significant roles in maintaining the Balinese language and Usada Bali lexicons, as part of oral traditions and Balinese Culture, which are crucial for preserving Balinese cultural identity.

Following the issue of Bali's Governor Regulation no. 80/2018, which oblique all public signs in Bali to put Balinese script transliteration above all Latin Scripts, the Balinese language is starting to gain its identity in Bali's public spaces, especially in Kuta Village. However, its transliteration process encounters many problems, from law violation accusations to irregularities and errors. This research aims to formulate a dedicated software or application to process a standard transliteration of Latin to Balinese script. The data were collected throughout all the main roads in Kuta village to assess and evaluate transliteration errors in public spaces. These errors are included in the designed set of data-based and reformulated standard rules of public space Balinese transliteration. The data showed errors in Balinese transliteration on some public signs in Kuta, such as errors in script choice, script pattern system, and pronunciation adaptation. These errors are further analysed to reformulate the standard form of transliteration by adapting the standard rule in the created application system. Finally, an application of transliteration is designed to address all the errors of the Balinese transliteration. The application is called Nyastra: Nyurat Aksara Transliterasi [writing script transliteration]. This application's design is registered in Indonesian Intellectual Copyright no. EC00202379260 on September 9th, 2023.

This book of Psycholinguistics is intended to fit in with the course of Psycholinguistics for students at English Department, Faculty of Humanities, Udayana University. The 14 chapters arranged exactly as the lesson plan laid out for the course, which are the scope of Psycholinguistics, language perception, language representation, language recognition and comprehension, language acquisition, second language acquisition (SLA), six dimensions of second language acquisition, language teaching, language learning, case-based language teaching, experimental linguistics, language production-bilinguals, language production-meaning and context, as well as language disorder. These topics will be discussed descriptively with several practices and hints to further reading at the end of each chapter. This book uses phenomenon in Indonesia and specifically in Bali to its advantage that encourage students on using their critical thinking and look from the outer perspective of traditional concepts and theories. Content for each chapter will ask the students to raise some important points regarding the topic in brainstorming section, quote several important concepts from recent researches, and engage the students through discussion section of any possible assumptions to the phenomenon.

This research analyzed the toponym categories utilized in naming temples and the variability in language employed in the process within tourist destinations in Bali. Through a comprehensive analysis of temple names, it examines the prevalence of different toponym categories, including associative, descriptive, copied, and eponymous and also the language used to form the temple names namely Old Javanese, Balinese and Sanskrit. Additionally, the study explores the linguistic sources contributing to the naming of temples, considering factors such as historical, cultural, and religious influences. By synthesizing data from various tourist destinations in Bali, this research sheds light on the complex interplay of linguistic diversity and cultural heritage in temple naming practices, offering insights into the rich tapestry of Bali’s religious landscape.

Public space is one of the most accessible areas to the public eye. Placing any sign in a public space within a given territory creates a linguistic landscape environment. One of the essential functions of a linguistic landscape is representing a certain given territory’s symbolic meaning. This symbolic meaning may represent local ideology or identity and local/national authority’s power. This phenomenon occurs in Kuta village, Badung Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. Due to a lack of local identity, all public sign in Bali is oblique to put Balinese scripts transliteration above all Latin scripts as mandated by Bali’s Governor Regulation no. 80/2018. This authority’s power of language use over public space is one of Bali’s government’s efforts to gain its local identity in public space through public signs. This study aims to further analyse the transliteration of Latin script to Balinese script in public signs in Kuta village, as previous research indicates some mistakes and irregularity. This analysis is needed to identify, refine and regulate the transliteration procedure since Balinese script is a syllabic system different from Latin script. The finding showed that some issues must be maintained and regulated to have a good transliteration of Balinese script in public space as a landmark of Balinese identity in Bali’s public spaces.

HKI Design Aplikasi Komputer Nyastra (Nyurat Aksara Transliterasi)

After a long struggle against Covid-19 for more than a year, the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia gradually decreased and was considerably under control. Several public places, including some tourist destinations, were allowed to re-open. The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy made 20 tourist attractions for trial, including the Borobudur temple, the world’s largest Buddhist temple. It is carried out cautiously and under strict health protocols procedure. Implementing health protocol regulations was encouraged by making and placing many protocol signs in strategic places. The aim of this study was to identify and investigate the compositions meaning of the COVID-19 prevention sign at Borobudur Temple. The data were collected through the documentation method with photographic technique. The result showed that all signs have real and ideal information value. Salience signs appear as a result of a variety of fascinating text and images. The framing of the sign is presented in centered/circular with a linear and nonlinear composition. Overall, the signs proved the management of Borobudur temple’s strong commitment to opening the site with strict protocols to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the Borobudur area.

Multimodalitas lanskap linguistik merupakan kajian atas tanda luar ruang yang pemaknaannya bukan saja didasarkan atas makna tanda secara semiotik akan tetapi didasarkan pula pada makna perpaduan setiap unsur/mode tandanya yang bersifat non-arbitary, sehingga setiap tanda luar ruang dipastikan memiliki makna dan tujuan sesuai dengan motivasi serta keinginan pembuatnya. Selain itu, kajian makna multimodalitas lanskap linguistik ini didasarkan pula bentuk dan fungsi tandanya, baik secara informatif maupun simbolik. Hal ini disebabkan oleh informasi yang ditampilkan bersifat faktual sesuai dengan informasi serta produk barang/jasa yang ditawarkan, yg dibedakan menjadi 4 yaitu tanda papan nama, tanda pengumuman, tanda komersial dan tanda campuran. Berdasarkan reprsentasi maknanya, mode tulisan memiliki reprsentasi konseptual mode gambar memiliki representasi makna konseptual dan konotasi dan mode warna memiliki representasi makna konotasi. Lebih lanjut, hasil kajian atas mode tanda ini menunjukkan adanya pola kombinasi atau perpaduan mode tanda yang dapat dikelompokan menjadi tiga yaitu Kombinasi mode tulisan, gambar dan warna; Kombinasi mode tulisan dan warna; Kombinasi mode gambar dan warna. Kehadiran pentingnya warna dalam merepresentasikan makna yang diinginkan oleh pencipta tanda luar ruang. Warna merupakan representasi penegas dan penguat makna tanda yang ada. Berikut ini adalah warna-warna dominan yang digunakan dalam tanda luar ruang yaitu; Warna putih untuk representasi kejujuran dan ketulusan; Warna merah untuk representasi keberanian, ketegasan dan keseriusan; Warna biru dan warna kuning untuk representasi kenyamanan, semangat dan keamanan; Warna emas, warna perak dan warna hitam untuk representasi kemewahan dan kemuliaan.

Batukau temple, a remote Hindu temple on the slope of Mount Batukau, unavoidably undergoes the extending function of the Hindu temple from purely a spiritual site to a spiritual and tourist destination. This additional status as a tourist destination consequently changes the face of the outdoor sign’s language in the temple. This study investigates the current language contestation of the outdoor signs in the temple compared to its original status as a spiritual sanctuary. The data were documented through the direct observation method with photographic techniques. At the same time, the comparative data of the previous condition were collected from various public online sources. The result shows that Balinese script presentation is less salient than the roman script. It is treated as a symbolic function to emphasise Bali’s identity in the area. The presence of the Indonesian and English languages is highly dependent on their message and location. They play their roles in non-spiritual related outdoor signs, such as informational signs on environmental, education, sanitation issues and prohibition signs related to the temple’s status as a sacred place. Furthermore, all languages are used in Covid-19 prevention signs.

English Language Training for Students at SD 4 Tuban is one of the studies with the aim of improving students' abilities and competencies. It is one of the public elementary schools located in Kuta District, Tuban Village, Badung Regency. As one of the outstanding public elementary schools, it always maintains its good name and achievements through the performance of the teachers and their students. English as one of the compulsory subjects in addition to Balinese and Indonesian, is something that must be mastered by students considering that Badung Regency is one of the regencies that is famous for its tourism. The results of the study show that the use of the direct method, with game techniques and practice in pairs really helps improve students' creativity in communicating using English. Through this activity the students get a good learning experience, increase their confidence, and also improve their speaking and listening skills.

The covid-19 pandemic has influenced all human life worldwide. This pandemic affects all life in the world, including in Indonesia. Covid-19 had destroyed all aspects of life in Indonesia. One of the most devastating sectors affected is the tourism industry. In order to boost economic sustainability, the Indonesian government, through the Health Ministry, had issued a circular letter no. HK.02.01/MENKES/335/2020 about Protokol Pencegahan Penularan Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) di Tempat Kerja Sektor Jasa dan Perdagangan (Area Publik) dalam Mendukung Keberlangsungan Usaha [Protocol for Prevention of Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) Transmission in the Workplace of the Service and Trade Sector (Public Area) in Supporting Business Continuity]. This study is aimed to investigate the implementation of the Covid-19 protocol as an adaptation of New Normal life in Kuta village, Bali, Indonesia. It is chosen as the research area since Kuta is one of the international tourist destinations in Bali that mostly rely on the tourism industry. The data of this study is taken from any outdoor sign representing New Normal protocol in the area. The documentation method and note-taking technique were applied in collecting the data. The analysis is based on linguistics landscapes theory. The result showed that there are 199 outdoors signs found in 10 groups of most tourism facilities. The language of the sign is dominated by the Indonesian language with 84 signs, followed by the combination of English and Indonesian language with 55 signs.

Covid-19 is a global pandemic that changed people perspective in everyday life, either in personal activities or public activities. Covid-19 had caused an economic crisis all over the world, including in Indonesia. In order to support business and commerce sustainability in this pandemic situation, the government, through the Health Department, had issued a circular letter No. HK.02.01/MENKES/335/2020 about Covid-19 prevention in the commercial sector known as New Normal protocol. The tourism industry is one of the most devastated by Covid-19. The tourism industry must adapt to this new normal life by implementing the new standard protocol in running its business. This study aimed to analyse the meaning of the new normal protocol signs at Rabasta @Kuta Hotel in Kuta. The result showed many new normal signs found in every public or strategic area of the hotel. The placement of the signs highly influences the visualisation of the signs. For instance, there is a sign next to a washbasin at the hotel’s front gate with a clear statement that directed all guests to wash their hands before entering the hotel area. Another sign is placed in a public area showed a neutral standard operational procedure notice of Covid-19 prevention. In terms of composition meaning, those signs showed an ideal and real value of new normal practices. The salience is about personal and environmental hygiene to stop the spread of Covid-19 with either linear or nonlinear framing to the extent of the desired meaning.

This research is entitled ‘The Usage Specification of Registers in Social Media Instagram’. The aims of this research are identifying and mapping the usage specification of registers in social media Instagram. It also aims at finding find out the function of the usage of the registers. This research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. The method applied for this research was observation method with note-taking techniques. The method used to analyze the data was discourse analysis method. To answer the problems formulated in this research, the register theory of Halliday was applied (1994).

Kuta in Bali, is an over developed urban city, observed through the emergence of outdoor signs along the main streets. However, there were no local laws to regulate the use of local language in public spaces, which led to the marginalisation of the Balinese language. In 2018, Bali’s Governor Regulation no. 80/2018 was issued to regulate the use of languages in Bali, exclusively to maintain local language in public spaces. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of the regulation on the use of local language in Kuta’s public spaces. The data were collected from six main streets in Kuta in January 2020. The result showed that the Balinese language had gained a prestigious position in public space with its addition on many outdoor signages. Conversely, this regulation is alleged to violate national law that obliges all public signs be in the Indonesian language and placed above local and or foreign languages on the same sign board.

This research entitled “Spesification of the Register Used in Social Media
Instagram”. It aims at identifying and mapping the specification of the register
used in social media Instagram and more specific to find out the function of the
use of the register. It is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research.
The method applied for this research is the observation method. The technique
applied was note taking technique. The collected data was categorized according
to its type. The method applied to analyse data was the discourse analysis method.
To answer the formulating problems of this research register theory of Halliday
(1994) was applied.

This is a case study of linguistic landscapes (LL) with multimodal approach, which aimed at analysing the visual grammar of commercial outdoor sign. LL is a study of signs in public space. These signs include all traffic signs, billboards, site names, and advertisements. Multimodal approach is a new concept of analysis that analyses signs from three aspects, and it is representation, interaction and composition. The data in this study is classified as a secondary data that randomly chosen from author previous research. There were three outdoor billboard signs chosen to represent all proposed LL types in Kuta Village. The results showed that representations of actors in outdoor signs are all salience. Their representations are not merely as an icon of human but also a figure, a symbol, or a voice index as replacement of callout statement. In terms of interaction processes, all actors act as the salience of demand and/or offering information, service and product with objective attitudes. For composition processes, the salience are all centred with various information value position and yet they are non-linear text framing. All text stand independently with the same ideal and real information as the producers intended to be.

Balinese oral tradition is very strong and unique due to its complexity and sacred. The most obvious known Balinese oral tradition is mantra, kidung and kakawin. These traditions are only mastered by those who committed to learn them seriously, because all written sources of those traditions were originally written in Balinese Scripts known as anacaraka. This study is aimed to investigating the presence of Balinese Scripts in public spaces in Kuta village as part of tradition and globalization. In this globalization era, tourism industry development has changed the environment face of Kuta into multilingual spaces. But, unfortunately, it was found that Balinese Scripts only use in traditional spaces in which it was marginalized by others. In 2018, in order to preserve the local tradition and identity, Balinese Government issued a regulation that oblique all outdoor signs in public spaces should put Balinese Scripts transcription above their Latin words. The research finding showed significance proves that through the power of authority, Balinese language and Scripts have begun to gain their position in public spaces, not just represented as a traditional sign but also as a local identity in international market shares. Almost all commercial signs of 4-star and 5-star hotel and restaurant along the main streets used Balinese Scripts transcription above their Latin names. These indicate that Balinese tradition has survived from globalization in Kuta.

This research aimed to identify the presence of Linguistic Landscapes (LL) in Desa Kuta. LL is sociolinguistic study of language used in outdoor signage that firstly introduce by Landry and Bourhis (1997). Desa Kuta as one of tourist destination in Bali experiences a great development due to globalization effect. This great development can be seen clearly through the presence of outdoor signs along the main roads of Desa Kuta. The research was conducted from February to March 2019. The finding showed there are 2.549 signs along the main roads of Desa Kuta. The language used mostly in English with 1.332 signs (52%). As for the types, there are 1.603 signs of commercial signs (65%). In term of the function, 2.320 signs (93%) are informative.

This study investigates the impact of tourism on Ubud vernacular outdoor signs in term of their language used and designs. Ubud as one of the tourist destinations in Bali experiences changes in development of outdoor signs. The language use and the design of outdoor signs is the reflection of the vernacular. The research was conducted from April to May 2018. The data was collected through documentation method along Jalan Raya Ubud as the research location. There were 757 data of outdoors signs found in the area. The finding showed that there are 11 types of outdoor signs in Ubud. There were 201 signs of mini market/shop/phone shop was found and the least outdoor signs was signs of legal office with only 3 signs. In terms of the language, 458signs (60,50%) of the total signs use English, followed by 144 signs (19,02%) in Indonesian and only 9 signs (1,19%) in Balinese. This showed a decline in the use of vernacular language in outdoor signs in Ubud Bali as an effect of tourism. Besides, the visual design of vernacular architecture of the outdoor signs also showed strong asymmetry in which only 3 signs (0,4%) use vernacular language with vernacular architecture design and 699 signs (92,32%) used modern architecture with either Balinese, Indonesian or English.

As a tourist destination, Kuta has become an international village which forces the native to use more English than Balinese in their working life. One of the most visible media of communication in Kuta is in the form of out-door sign. Out-door sign is considered to be the most effective mass media communication and the study is known as Linguistic Landscapes. The focus of this study is to investigate the glocalization of Balinese language as a medium of communication in Kuta especially, on out-door signs. The data of this study were collected by taking pictures of all out-door signs in Kuta area, such as Raya Kuta St., Kartika Plaza St., Pantai Kuta St., and Legian St.. The data were classified into two main types: commercial signs and non-commercial signs. The analysis started with identification of the language use and followed by a combination of language use in all signs. The finding shows that Balinese language is only used in 43 signs out of 1132 signs. Furthermore, from the 43 signs, there are only 22 using pure Balinese, 19 signs using Indonesian with Balinese Letters, and 2 signs using a combination of Balinese and Indonesian. The conclusion of the study is that the glocalization of Balinese language is not yet achieved; in fact, Balinese language is marginalized in Bali as out-door signs.

The focus of this study is to elicit and identified the occurrence of Commercial outdoor sign in Kuta. Kuta as an international tourist destination, undoubtedly highly influence by the force of globalizations. One of the effects is the occurrence of many outdoor sign in Main Street of Kuta. These sign are the representation of a new means of communication in Kuta. Through these sign, society manages to communicate their service and product to foreigners and local tourist. The study showed that from 1132 outdoor signs found, there are 70,32% are Commercial signs and 29,68% are Non-Commercial signs. As for Commercial signs, it is almost equally occurred between Commercial Service which sales services (30,48%) and Commercial Product which sales goods/products (39,84%).

Advertising is intended to persuade audiences, readers, viewers or listeners to take action on products, services and ideas. Advertisements include text, audio, video, photography and graphic designs. We will easily find advertisement through some common mediums namely newspaper, magazine, radio, television, internet, billboards, and many other places. Advertisement analysis is divided into textual and contextual analysis.
The textual is the analysis of advertisement structure such as headline, illustration, body copy, signature line, and standing details. Based on the analysis JEMME considered to be a complex advertisement taht consist of 5 (five) element. The contextual analysis is the meaning of the advertisement. According to the analysis, JEMME is a fine jewelery with high standard and very suitable for valentine gift.

Penelitian laporan akhir ini yang berjudul "The Analysis of Verbal And Visual Sign of Adidas Advertisement", menjelaskan tanda-tanda verbal dan visual dalam iklan. Penelitian ini juga menganalisis tanda-tanda verbal dan visual yang mendukung iklan adidas, dan fungsi dan makna dari tanda-tanda verbal dan visual. Metode yang di gunakan di dalam pengumpulan data adalah metode purposive sampling dan data yang sudah terkumpul di analisis secara kualitatif berdasarkan teori  semiotic. Ada empat teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Teori tersebut adalah teori tanda visual dan verbal oleh Dyer (1993), teori makna dan fungsi yang  oleh Leech (1974), teori tanda yang diuraikan oleh Chandler (2001), dan teori warna  oleh Chapman (2010). Data diambil dari iklan adidas yang diterbitkan dalam situs google.com/adidas-advertisement. Iklan Adidas ini memiliki tanda-tanda verbal dan visual yang mendukung satu sama lain yang bertujuan untuk menarik perhatian pembaca atau orang-orang.Tanda-tanda verbal di dalam iklan menggunakan arti afektif untuk menarik minat orang terhadap produk. Fungsi ekspresif digunakan untuk mengekspresikan perasaan dan sikap pencetusnya. Makna konseptual juga digunakan untuk memberikan informasi dari pesan agar pembaca menangkap pesan dari iklan. Fungsi informasi cenderung menjadi salah satu yang paling penting, yang menyampaikan informasi dari pembicara / penulis/ pendengar / pembaca. Makna konseptual dominan menggunakan informasi dari bahasa. Tanda visual di dalam iklan adalah gambar. Gambar digunakan untuk membuat iklan terlihat keren, mengesankan, dan menarik. Mengenai hasil, makna dan fungsi dari tanda-tanda yang ditemukan dalam iklan, makna dan fungsi dari tanda-tanda dapat dideteksi dari pembuat iklan yang memberitahu informasi tentang adidas, untuk menjual atau mempromosikan produk mereka dan juga untuk menciptakan citra merek serta konsumen mampu memahami makna dari iklan adidas tersebut. Produk adidas dapat menumbuhkan dan meningkatkan semangat konsumen untuk melakukan suatu kegiatan dengan mudah ,bahwa mereka merasa nyaman dan bahagia di setiap situasi.

Kajian Linguistics Lansdscapes (LL) merupakan trend kajian baru yang mempelajari tentang keberadaan dan penggunaan bahasa di lingkungan sekitar kita. Penggunaan bahasa yang dimaksud adalah eksploitasi bahasa pada ragam tulis yang digunakan di tempat umum sebagai tanda/penada tempat, arah/jalan, pengumuman hingga fungsi bisnis seperti ppan nama usaha dan papan iklan.

LL, merupakan kajian multilingualism yang bertujuan menganalisa dan mengidentifikasi keberadaan iklan luar ruang baik segi linguistik maupun non-linguistik meliputi kajian perpaduan penggunaan bahsa dalam satu tanda, serta tendensi lokalisasi penggunaan bahasa serta tanda tertentu untuk wilayah tertentu. 

Tanpa kita sadari, saat ini kita telah melakukan komunikasi dengan berbagai tanda yang kita temui di lingkungan kita. Komunikasi tersebut merupakan komunikasi masal yang tercipta melalui berbagai tanda/penada yang kita ciptakan sendiri sebagai bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dalam hidup ini seperti nama jalan, nama tempat, rambu lalu lintas, papan pengumuman, dan yang paling banyak kita temui adalah papan iklan.

Penelitian ini sangat penting untuk dapat menentukan eksistensi penggunaan Bahasa Bali sebagai bahasa iklan luar ruang ditengah pengaruh bahasa asing khususnya Bahasa Inggris dalam kehidupan masyarakat Kuta, serta kemampuan masyarakat dalam berinteraksi dengan berbagai tanda yang ada di lingkungan mereka.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa bahasa yang digunakan dalam iklan luar ruang di wilayah Kuta yaitu Bahasa Bali, Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa Inggris, dan Kombinasi Bahasa. Hasil yang sangat mengejutkan yaitu Bahasa Bali hanya dipergunakan pada 70 iklan luar ruang atau sekitar (6,18%) dari 1132 iklan luar ruang yang ada. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pengguna Bahasa Bali termajinalkan di wilayah Kuta.

Di dunia ini terdapat berbagai jenis aksara seperti: aksara Mesir Kuno (Hieroglif), aksara Latin, aksara Sansekerta, aksara Arab dan masih banyak lagi yang lainnya. Di Indonesia sendiri dikenal sua jenis aksara yaitu Latin dan aksara Daerah. Karena negara Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan maka terdapat berbagai jenis aksara Daerah, antara lain: aksara Bali, aksara Jawa, aksara Sunda, aksara Sunda, aksara Toba, dan lain-lain. Pada kesempatan ini, akan disaji secara singkat tentang aksara suci agama Hindu di Bali yaitu Eka Aksara, Tri Aksara, dan Dasa Aksara.

Permasalahan di atas akan dikaji melalui pendekatan Scripthography. Scripthography merupakan suatu kajian tentant sebagai representasi suatu objek atau bidang kajian tertentu. Jika diadaptasi ke dalam bahasa Indonesia maka kajian Scripthography merupakan suatu kajian tentang Keberaksaraan.

Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa umat Hindu di Bali khususnya, di dalam kehidupan religiusnya menggunakan aksara sebagai perlambang Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa atau Tuhan, dengan semua sinar sucinya.

Printed advertisements, especially printed advertisement of non-commercial ads, has shown the development of an extra-ordinary language phenomena. Usually non-commercial ads or goverment ads are full of words and not interesting to read. Different from others, IFAW.org presents non-commercial ads with an exceptional presentation. This article analyze the structure and meaning of the advertisement. The analysis use the theory of discourse structure proposes by Van Djik, they are superstructure, micro structure and macro structure. The discussions shows that IFAW’s advertisement uses only 4 element of advertisement : Headline, Illustration, Bodycopy and Signature line.

Drama is a portrait of a real life situation and the theme of a drama is closely related to daily life conditions experienced by the character. A Character is defined as an entity, human or animal, that is created by the author. A good character should be natural and lifelike, especially in physiological, psychological and sociological dimensions known as three dimensional aspect of a character. These dimensions are very interesting to discuss since they are very important to determine the qualities of the characters in a drama. Physiologically, Vera is described as a beautiful young lady with beautiful eyes. Sociologically, Vera is concluded as coming from an average family in Russia, living in a poor society, and living under tyranny. She has lived in an inn with her father before she saw her brother taken away to prison for seeking for liberty as a Nihilist. Psychologically, Vera is seen as a loving person though she does not put love as priority. She loves her country and her brother. She wants to revenge on the
King for being a tyrant. She is a brave woman. It is seen from how she becomes a Nihilist to revenge for her brother and to end up the tyranny in her country.

Almost in all languages, there are terms of countable and uncountable nouns. In order to apply the noun, it should be preceded with an article. The articles that use in each language are different. This research is aimed to find out the different between English and Indonesia noun articles and to elicit which one has the most simple and/or complete. The problems discussed are : how do the articles used ?; what are the differences and similarities ? The discussion shows that the aplication of noun articles should be followed such as the nouns category/shape, the first letter of the nouns, the plural/singular form, etc.; the English article is more simple than the Indonesian article.

Literary work is fine work of art that can be easily understood by most of the people. One of the most popular works is novel. A good novel will be able to entertain the reader in such way that makes the reader keep on turning the pages. Novel is very interesting to analyze since there are no absolute rightness in exploring the meaning and message of the story. Theme is the central idea that is served implicitly in the story through the other elements such as character,
plot, setting, point of view, language and style, lastly irony and symbol. Understanding the theme will make reading more joyful. The challenge in finding the theme of a novel is one point that makes the analysis of intrinsic element very interesting.

Buku ini saya beri judul Membedah Wacana Periklanan : Kajian Hipersemiotika, sebab selain berisikan kajian teoritis yang bersifat praktis dan sederhana, juga berisikan aplikasi langsung teori dimaksud dalam mebedah iklan media cetak. Paparan pembedahan juga dibuat sederhana dan mudah untuk dimengerti.

Seperti halnya buku pada umumnya, buku ini memiliki susunan yang sama yaitu pendahuluan, isi dan simpulan. Akan tetapi yang menjadikan susunan buku ini unik adalah adanya satu bab yang khusus menyajikan aplikasi teori secara langsung dan terarah dalam membedah sebuah iklan. Disamping itu, isi dari buku ini sangatlah spesifik dan bersifat ‘strait to the point’ yaitu tidak berputar-putar dalam memaparkan sesuatu baik itu ulasan teori, penyajian contah-contoh ataupun pada aplikasi teori. Sehingga buku ini sangat berbeda dengan buku referensi (text book) pada umumnya.

Kelebihan yang lainnya, buku ini berhasil memadukan antara kajian mikrolinguistik dengan makrolinguistik sedemikianrupa, sehingga mampu tampil utuh seperti layaknya sebuah iklan. Perpaduan tersebut dibingkai oleh kajian struktur wacana yang dicetuskan ole Van Djik dan disatukan oleh kajian makna hiperealitas yang dicetuskan oleh Amir Pilliang melalui kajian Hipersemiotika.

Buku ini sangat cocok dibaca oleh semua kalangan yang suka membedah wacana periklanan, terlebih lagi pihak produsen dan pembuat iklan sebagai acuan pembanding sebelum mempublikasikan sebuah iklan. Bagi para mahasiswa yang ingin memfokuskan diri pada kajian analisis wacana (discourse analysis), buku ini sangatlah cocok dipergunakan sebagai langkah awal dalam memahami apa itu wacana dan bagaimana pengaplikasiannya.

Untuk dapat memahami isi buku ini, setiap pembaca harus mampu lepas dari kungkungan pardigma lama tentang makna sebagai representasi ‘langue’ dan ‘parole’, ‘signifier’ dan ‘signified’ serta ‘performance’ dan ‘competance’, sebab dalam buku ini semua makna berada diluar batasan tersebut atau diluar realitas. Oleh karena itu, setiap pembaca harus memiliki kemampuan imajinasi yang tinggi untuk dapat memaknai dan menginterpretasi setiap tanda ataupun petanda yang ada pada wacana periklanan.

Discourse of advertisements, especially in printed ads, has shown the development of an extraordinary language phenomenon. A copywriter is able to exploit the language to be used as the media of communicative ads, which is very interesting and persuading. This exploitation of language, especially the mixture of verbal and non-verbal signs, makes discourse of ads an interesting subject to explore and analyze. To study the exploitation of the language in the discourse of ads, there are three main points to learn as proposed by Van Dijk; They are : superstructure, micro structure, and macro structure of the ads. The study shows that, superstructure of an ads should has body copy which shows persuasiveness; in micro structure, the exploitation of verbal aspect intensely applied the grammatical roles of ellipsis, substitution and references; meanwhile in macro structure, an ads could shows remarkable persuasiveness through verbal and visual aspect

Advertisement as an advertising media of goods or services should be interesting and persuasive. Now days, the development of advertisement showed the tendency of non-verbal domination upon verbal. Between non-verbal sign and the goods or services that was being advertise, sometimes did not have any relations in meaning and even reflected beyond-reality meaning. This fact, made advertisement an interesting discourse to be studied, especially the meaning and message of an advertisement that is conveyed through the exploitation of non-verbal signs.

In order to revealed the meaning and message of an advertisement that showed by its non-verbal sign, required a semiotics approach. Whereas, regards to the beyond-realistic meaning and message it was required a special approach of hypersemiotics. The result showed that, the meaning and message conveyed by non-verbal sign made the advertisement more persuasive, interesting, and rememberable to the consumer.

Besides language exploitation phenomenon, in an advertisement, the presence of non-verbal elements also indicate the same phenomenon, whereas between non-verbal sign and the products or services that is being advertise sometimes have no relation in meaning at all and even reflect unrealistic meaning. In order to uncover the insight of this non-realistic meaning, it is required a special approach of hyperrealistic meaning theory that is Hypersemiotics.